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Explanation of these symbols
| 2448 | (1312) | Spies return from 40 days in Israel with evil reports of the Land of Israel. Jewish people cry in despair, give up hope of entering the Land of Israel. |
| 3340 | (421) | Destruction of First Temple by the Babylonians, under Nebuchadnezar. About 100,000 Jews killed during invasion. Exile of remaining tribes in southern kingdom to Babylon and Persia. |
| 3830 | 70 | Destruction of Second Temple by Romans, under Titus. Over 2,500,000 Jews die as a result of war, famine and disease. Over 1,000,000 Jews exiled to all parts of the Roman Empire. Over 100,000 Jews sold as slaves by Romans. Jews killed and tortured in gladiatorial "games" and pagan celebrations. |
| 3892 | 132 | Bar Kochba revolt crushed. Betar destroyed - over 100,00 killed. |
| 3893 | 133 | Turnus Rufus ploughs site of Temple. Romans build pagan city of Aelia Capitolina on site of Jerusalem. |
| 4855 | 1095 | First Crusade declared by Pope Urban II. 10,000 Jews killed in first month of Crusade. Crusades bring death and destruction to thousands of Jews, totally obliterate many communities in Rhineland and France. |
| 5050 | 1290 | Expulsion of Jews from England, accompanied by pogroms and confiscation of books and property. |
| 5252 | 1492 | Inquisition in Spain and Portugal culminates in the expulsion of the Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. Families separated, many die by drowning, massive loss of property. |
| 5674 | 1914 | Britain and Russia declare war on Germany. First World War begins. First World War issues unresolved, ultimately causing Second World War and Holocaust. 75% of all Jews in war zones. Jews in armies of all sides - 120,000 Jewish casualties in armies. Over 400 pogroms immediately following war in Hungary, Ukraine, Poland and Russia. |
| 5702 | 1942 | Deportations from Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka concentration camp begin. |
| 5749 | 1989 | Iraq walks out of talks with Kuwait. |
| 5754 | 1994 | The deadly bombing the building of the AMIA (the Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, Argentina) which killed 86 people and wounded some 300 others. |
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